Smoking among Afrikans in America

Smoking rates among African American adults historically have been higher than among the general U.S. population; however, in recent years smoking rates have been similar. Smoking among African American teens has declined dramatically since 1976; however, recent increases in teen smoking among African Americans document the need for continued prevention efforts. African Americans continue to suffer disproportionately from chronic and preventable disease compared to white Americans. Of the three leading causes of death in African Americans -- heart disease, cancer, and stroke -- smoking and other tobacco use are major contributors to these illnesses.¹

• Each year, approximately 45,000 African Americans die from a smoking-related disease that could have been prevented. ²

• If current patterns continue, an estimated 1.6 million African Americans who are now under the age of 18 will become regular smokers. About 500,000 of those smokers will die of a smoking-related disease.²

• Aggregated data from 1994 and 1995 show that current smoking prevalence rates were similar among African American adults (26.5%) and white adults (25.9%) in the United States. ³

• In 1995, about 5.7 million African American adults smoked cigarettes, accounting for approximately 12% of the 47 million adult smokers in the United States.³

• In 1994 and 1995, African American men (31.4%) smoked at a higher rate than white men (27.6%), while African American women (22.7%) and white women (24.4%) smoked at a similar rate.³

• Among African Americans, as seen in other U.S. populations, the prevalence of smoking declines as education increases. Smoking rates were higher among African Americans who had less than a high school education (34.8%) compared to those with a college education (16.7%).³

• Among African American high school seniors, cigarette smoking declined from 1977 (36.7%) to 1992 (8.7%). However, smoking prevalence rates increased from 1992 to 1997 (14.3%).⁴

• Among African American 10th-grade students, smoking prevalence increased by 94% from 1992 (6.6%) to 1997 (12.8%). For African American eighth grade students, smoking prevalence increased by 106% from 1992 (5.3%) to 1997 (10.9%). Although smoking prevalence among African American students continues to be lower than for white and Hispanic students, the rate of increase was substantially higher among African African students than for white and Hispanic students.⁴

• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s 1997 Youth Risk Behavior Survey data also show that the rate of past month cigarette smoking among high school students in grades nine through 12 are on the rise -- increasing by nearly a third from 27.5% in 1991 to 36.4% in 1997. The rate of cigarette smoking increased by 80% among African American students, climbing from 12.6% to 22.7% between 1991 and 1997. The most dramatic increase was observed among African American males, whose cigarette smoking prevalence doubled from 14.1% in 1991 to 28.2% in 1997.⁵

• In 1997, there was no significant difference in current cigar use among racial/ethnic groups of high school students -- 22.5% of whites, 19.4% of African Americans, and 20.3% of Hispanics reported smoking cigars in the past month. Cigar prevalence was higher among males than females in all three racial/ethnic groups.⁵

• In 1997, African American male high school students (3.2%) were less likely to use smokeless tobacco products than white male (20.6%) and Hispanic male (5.1%) high school students.⁵

• Of current African American adult smokers, more than 70% indicated that they want to quit smoking completely.⁶ African American smokers are more likely than white smokers to have quit for at least one day during the previous year (48.7% vs 40.3%). African Americans (7.9%), however, are much less likely than whites (14.0%) to remain abstinent for one month or more.⁷

• Prevalence of cessation (the percentage of persons who have smoked at least 100 cigarettes and quit) is higher among whites (50.7%) than African Americans (35.4%).³

• A one-year study found that three major African American publications -- Ebony, Jet, and Essence -- had 12% more cigarette advertisements than widespread publications -- Newsweek, Time, People, and Mademoiselle.⁸

• Studies have found a higher density of tobacco billboards in racial/ethnic communities. For example, a study conducted in Los Angeles, California found the highest density of tobacco billboards (the number of billboards per mile) in African American communities and the lowest billboard placement in white communities.⁹

• Approximately 90% of the billboards in African American communities featured an African American as the central character, while in other ethnic communities whites were portrayed as the central characters.⁹

• The tobacco industry attempts to maintain a positive image and public support among African Americans by supporting cultural events and by funding minority higher education institutions, elected officials, civic and community organizations, and scholarship programs.¹⁰

REFERENCES
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chronic Disease in Minority Populations (1994):. 2-16.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health, Unpublished data, 1995.
3. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Tobacco Use Among U.S. Racial/Ethnic Groups -- African Americans, American Indian and Alaska Natives, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1998.
4. The University of Michigan. Cigarette Smoking Rates May Have Peaked Among Younger Teens 1997 (press release), December 18, 1997.
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Tobacco Use Among High School Students--United States, 1997. " Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1998 (46): 433-440.
6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Cigarette Smoking Among Adults - United States, 1993." MMWR 1994 (43): 925-929.
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Smoking Cessation During Previous Year Among Adults - United States, 1990 and 1991." MMWR 1993, (42): 504-507.
8. Cummings KM, Giovino G. Mendicino AJ. "Cigarette Advertising and Black-White Differences in Brand Preference." Public Health Reports, 1987 (102):698-701.
9. Stoddard JL, Johnson CA, Boley-Cruz T, Sussman S. "Target Tobacco Markets: Outdoor Advertising in Los Angeles Minority Neighbors" [Letter]. American Journal of Public Health, 1997 (87):1232-1233.
10. Freeman H, Delgado JL, Douglas CE. Minority Issues. Tobacco Use: An American Crisis. Final Report of the Conference (January 1993): 43-47.

Theory of multiple intelligences (Professor Howard Earl Gardner)

Gardner's categories of multiple intelligences is a theoretical axiom whose structure is a derivative of Kant's metaphysical theory of personality. Gardner's perspective of human intelligence attempts to deconstruct Kant's a priori categorical structure. Whereas Kant describes human personality as a homeostatic dialog-ism that extends Aristotelian "idea", Gardner suggests that personality is not static at all; rather it is in a constant state of flux. While personality cannot be pinned down and truly defined, he argues that it circumnavigates around a central impossibility. Therefore, positive human traits often embody the characteristics of their opposites. Human intelligence is both a reflection of and a collapse of its own categories. This being the case, Gardner tries to reconstruct the disintegration of Kant's faulty construction. Gardner's heteroglossia entails 7 distinct non-Kantian groups. The categories of intelligence proposed by Gardner (1983) are the following: 


Bodily-kinesthetic

This area has to do with bodily movement and physiology. In theory, people who have bodily-kinesthetic intelligence should learn better by involving muscular movement (eg. getting up and moving around into the learning experience), and are generally good at physical activities such as sports or dance. They may enjoy acting or performing, and in general they are good at building and making things. They often learn best by doing something physically, rather than reading or hearing about it. Those with strong bodily-kinesthetic intelligence seem to use what might be termed muscle memory - they remember things through their body such as verbal memory or images.

Careers that suit those with this intelligence include: athletes, dancers, musicians, actors, surgeons, doctors, builders, police officers, and soldiers. Although these careers can be duplicated through virtual simulation, they will not produce the actual physical learning that is needed in this intelligence.


Interpersonal

This area has to do with interaction with others. In theory, people who have a high interpersonal intelligence tend to be extroverts, characterized by their sensitivity to others' moods, feelings, temperaments and motivations, and their ability to cooperate in order to work as part of a group. They communicate effectively and empathize easily with others, and may be either leaders or followers. They typically learn best by working with others and often enjoy discussion and debate.

Careers that suit those with this intelligence include sales, politicians, managers, teachers, and social workers.

Verbal Linguistic

This area has to do with words, spoken or written. People with high verbal-linguistic intelligence display a facility with words and languages. They are typically good at reading, writing, telling stories and memorizing words along with dates. They tend to learn best by reading, taking notes, listening to lectures, and discussion and debate. They are also frequently skilled at explaining, teaching and oration or persuasive speaking. Those with verbal-linguistic intelligence learn foreign languages very easily as they have high verbal memory and recall, and an ability to understand and manipulate syntax and structure.

Careers that suit those with this intelligence include writers, lawyers, philosophers, journalists, politicians, poets, and teachers


Logical-mathematical

This area has to do with logic, abstractions, reasoning, and numbers. While it is often assumed that those with this intelligence naturally excel in mathematics, chess, computer programming and other logical or numerical activities, a more accurate definition places emphasis on traditional mathematical ability and more reasoning capabilities, abstract patterns of recognition, scientific thinking and investigation, and the ability to perform complex calculations. It correlates strongly with traditional concepts of "intelligence" or IQ.

Careers which suit those with this intelligence include scientists, mathematicians, engineers, doctors and economists.


Intrapersonal

This area has to do with introspective and self-reflective capacities. People with intrapersonal intelligence are intuitive and typically introverted. They are skillful at deciphering their own feelings and motivations. This refers to having a deep understanding of the self; what are your strengths/ weaknesses, what makes you unique, can you predict your own reactions/ emotions.

Careers which suit those with this intelligence include philosophers, psychologists, theologians and writers.

Visual-Spatial


Main article: Spatial reasoning

This area has to do with vision and spatial judgment. People with strong visual-spatial intelligence are typically very good at visualizing and mentally manipulating objects. Those with strong spatial intelligence are often proficient at solving puzzles. They have a strong visual memory and are often artistically inclined. Those with visual-spatial intelligence also generally have a very good sense of direction and may also have very good hand-eye coordination, although this is normally seen as a characteristic of the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.

There appears to be a high correlation between spatial and mathematical abilities, which seems to indicate that these two intelligences are not independent.Since solving a mathematical problem involves manipulating symbols and numbers, spatial intelligence is involved.

Careers that suit those with this intelligence include artists, engineers, and architects. 


Musical

This area has to do with rhythm, music, and hearing. Those who have a high level of musical-rhythmic intelligence display greater sensitivity to sounds, rhythms, tones, and music. They normally have good pitch and may even have absolute pitch, and are able to sing, play musical instruments, and compose music. Since there is a strong auditory component to this intelligence, those who are strongest in it may learn best via lecture. In addition, they will often use songs or rhythms to learn and memorize information, and may work best with music playing in the background.

Careers that suit those with this intelligence include instrumentalists, singers, conductors, disc-jockeys, orators, writers (to a certain extent) and composers.


Naturalistic

This area has to do with nature, nurturing and relating information to one's natural surroundings. This type of intelligence was not part of Gardner's original theory of Multiple Intelligences, but was added to the theory in 1997. Those with it are said to have greater sensitivity to nature and their place within it, the ability to nurture and grow things, and greater ease in caring for, taming and interacting with animals. They may also be able to discern changes in weather or similar fluctuations in their natural surroundings. They are also good at recognizing and classifying different species. They must connect a new experience with prior knowledge to truly learn something new.

"Naturalists" learn best when the subject involves collecting and analyzing, or is closely related to something prominent in nature; they also don't enjoy learning unfamiliar or seemingly useless subjects with little or no connections to nature. It is advised that naturalistic learners would learn more through being outside or in a kinesthetic way.

The theory behind this intelligence is often criticized, much like the spiritual or existential intelligence (see below), as it is seen by many as not indicative of an intelligence but rather an interest. However, it remains an indispensable intelligence for humans who live almost entirely from nature such as some native populations.

Careers which suit those with this intelligence include scientists, naturalists, conservationists, gardeners, and farmers.

State agency rejects wrongful conviction compensation request (Change you can believe in?)

The state Claims Board has rejected a request for compensation from a man who said he was wrongfully convicted of sexual assault along with two other men in 2000.
Jarrett Adams spent seven years in prison until a federal appeals court overturned his conviction and ordered a new trial in Jefferson County. The 7th Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that Adams' attorney had been ineffective because he failed to introduce a defense witness who testified at the trial of one of his co-defendants that the alleged victim was seen chatting amiably with the three suspects after the alleged attack occurred. That case resulted in a hung jury.
Jefferson County District Attorney David Wambach declined to prosecute Adams a second time for the assault, which allegedly occurred in 1998 at UW-Whitewater.
Wambach urged the board to reject the request, arguing that the reversal of Adams' conviction doesn't mean he's innocent. In its summary, the claims board said Wambach, who is now an assistant attorney general, didn't pursue a retrial "in deference to the wishes of the victim, who did not want to relive the trauma of the sexual assault."
The board concluded in its decision, released Dec. 17, that "the evidence is not clear and convincing that the claimant was innocent of the crime for which he suffered imprisonment."
Adams, of South Holland, Ill., had been seeking the maximum $25,000 reimbursement for wrongful conviction plus $56,111 in attorneys fees.
Keith Findley of the Wisconsin Innocence Project, which represented Adams in his successful appeal, reacted strongly to the decision.
"This is a very unfortunate turn of events and highlights that Wisconsin's system for compensating the wrongly convicted is woefully inadequate," Findley said. "It was bad enough that the state wrongly convicted Jarrett, deprived him of years of freedom for a crime that important new evidence says he did not commit, but now it adds insult to injury by completely turning its back on him when he seeks assistance to get back on his feet and tries to reclaim some of what the state took from him."

David Walker's Appeal (What they will never teach you in history class)

Excerpts from the Appeal



My dearly beloved Brethren and Fellow Citizens.


Having travelled over a considerable portion of these United States, and having, in the course of my travels, taken the most accurate observations of things as they exist -- the result of my observations has warranted the full and unshaken conviction, that we, (coloured people of these United States,) are the most degraded, wretched, and abject set of beings that ever lived since the world began; and I pray God that none like us ever may live again until time shall be no more. They tell us of the Israelites in Egypt, the Helots in Sparta, and of the Roman Slaves, which last were made up from almost every nation under heaven, whose sufferings under those ancient and heathen nations, were, in comparison with ours, under this enlightened and Christian nation, no more than a cypher -- or, in other words, those heathen nations of antiquity, had but little more among them than the name and form of slavery; while wretchedness and endless miseries were reserved, apparently in a phial, to be poured out upon, our fathers ourselves and our children, by Christian Americans!

...


... I call upon the professing Christians, I call upon the philanthropist, I call upon the very tyrant himself, to show me a page of history, either sacred or profane, on which a verse can be found, which maintains, that the Egyptians heaped the insupportable insult upon the children of Israel, by telling them that they were not of the human family. Can the whites deny this charge? Have they not, after having reduced us to the deplorable condition of slaves under their feet, held us up as descending originally from the tribes of Monkeys or Orang-Outangs? O! my God! I appeal to every man of feeling-is not this insupportable? Is it not heaping the most gross insult upon our miseries, because they have got us under their feet and we cannot help ourselves? Oh! pity us we pray thee, Lord Jesus, Master. -- Has Mr. Jefferson declared to the world, that we are inferior to the whites, both in the endowments of our bodies and our minds? It is indeed surprising, that a man of such great learning, combined with such excellent natural parts, should speak so of a set of men in chains. I do not know what to compare it to, unless, like putting one wild deer in an iron cage, where it will be secured, and hold another by the side of the same, then let it go, and expect the one in the cage to run as fast as the one at liberty. So far, my brethren, were the Egyptians from heaping these insults upon their slaves, that Pharaoh's daughter took Moses, a son of Israel for her own, as will appear by the following.

...


The world knows, that slavery as it existed was, mans, (which was the primary cause of their destruction) was, comparatively speaking, no more than a cypher, when compared with ours under the Americans. Indeed I should not have noticed the Roman slaves, had not the very learned and penetrating Mr. Jefferson said, "when a master was murdered, all his slaves in the same house, or within hearing, were condemned to death." -- Here let me ask Mr. Jefferson, (but he is gone to answer at the bar of God, for the deeds done in his body while living,) I therefore ask the whole American people, had I not rather die, or be put to death, than to be a slave to any tyrant, who takes not only my own, but my wife and children's lives by the inches? Yea, would I meet death with avidity far! far!! in preference to such servile submission to the murderous hands of tyrants. Mr. Jefferson's very severe remarks on us have been so extensively argued upon by men whose attainments in literature, I shall never be able to reach, that I would not have meddled with it, were it not to solicit each of my brethren, who has the spirit of a man, to buy a copy of Mr. Jefferson's "Notes on Virginia," and put it in the hand of his son.

...


But let us review Mr. Jefferson's remarks respecting us some further. Comparing our miserable fathers, with the learned philosophers of Greece, he says: "Yet notwithstanding these and other discouraging circumstances among the Romans, their slaves were often their rarest artists. They excelled too, in science, insomuch as to be usually employed as tutors to their master's children; Epictetus, Terence and Phaedrus, were slaves, -- but they were of the race of whites. It is not their condition then, but nature, which has produced the distinction." See this, my brethren! ! Do you believe that this assertion is swallowed by millions of the whites? Do you know that Mr. Jefferson was one of as great characters as ever lived among the whites? See his writings for the world, and public labours for the United States of America. Do you believe that the assertions of such a man, will pass away into oblivion unobserved by this people and the world? If you do you are much mistaken-See how the American people treat us -- have we souls in our bodies? Are we men who have any spirits at all? I know that there are many swell-bellied fellows among us, whose greatest object is to fill their stomachs. Such I do not mean -- I am after those who know and feel, that we are MEN, as well as other people; to them, I say, that unless we try to refute Mr. Jefferson's arguments respecting us, we will only establish them.

...


...I must observe to my brethren that at the close of the first Revolution in this country, with Great Britain, there were but thirteen States in the Union, now there are twenty-four, most of which are slave-holding States, and the whites are dragging us around in chains and in handcuffs, to their new States and Territories to work their mines and farms, to enrich them and their children-and millions of them believing firmly that we being a little darker than they, were made by our Creator to be an inheritance to them and their children for ever-the same as a parcel of brutes.


Are we MEN! ! -- I ask you, 0 my brethren I are we MEN? Did our Creator make us to be slaves to dust and ashes like ourselves? Are they not dying worms as well as we? Have they not to make their appearance before the tribunal of Heaven, to answer for the deeds done in the body, as well as we? Have we any other Master but Jesus Christ alone? Is he not their Master as well as ours? -- What right then, have we to obey and call any other Master, but Himself? How we could be so submissive to a gang of men, whom we cannot tell whether they are as good as ourselves or not, I never could conceive. However, this is shut up with the Lord, and we cannot precisely tell -- but I declare, we judge men by their works.


The whites have always been an unjust, jealous, unmerciful, avaricious and blood-thirsty set of beings, always seeking after power and authority.

...


...to my no ordinary astonishment, [a] Reverend gentleman got up and told us (coloured people) that slaves must be obedient to their masters -- must do their duty to their masters or be whipped -- the whip was made for the backs of fools, &c. Here I pause for a moment, to give the world time to consider what was my surprise, to hear such preaching from a minister of my Master, whose very gospel is that of peace and not of blood and whips, as this pretended preacher tried to make us believe. What the American preachers can think of us, I aver this day before my God, I have never been able to define. They have newspapers and monthly periodicals, which they receive in continual succession, but on the pages of which, you will scarcely ever find a paragraph respecting slavery, which is ten thousand times more injurious to this country than all the other evils put together; and which will be the final overthrow of its government, unless something is very speedily done; for their cup is nearly full.-Perhaps they will laugh at or make light of this; but I tell you Americans! that unless you speedily alter your course, you and your Country are gone! ! ! ! !

...


If any of us see fit to go away, go to those who have been for many years, and are now our greatest earthly friends and benefactors -- the English. If not so, go to our brethren, the Haytians, who, according to their word, are bound to protect and comfort us. The Americans say, that we are ungrateful-but I ask them for heaven's sake, what should we be grateful to them for -- for murdering our fathers and mothers ? -- Or do they wish us to return thanks to them for chaining and handcuffing us, branding us, cramming fire down our throats, or for keeping us in slavery, and beating us nearly or quite to death to make us work in ignorance and miseries, to support them and their families. They certainly think that we are a gang of fools. Those among them, who have volunteered their services for our redemption, though we are unable to compensate them for their labours, we nevertheless thank them from the bottom of our hearts, and have our eyes steadfastly fixed upon them, and their labours of love for God and man. -- But do slave-holders think that we thank them for keeping us in miseries, and taking our lives by the inches?

...


Let no man of us budge one step, and let slave-holders come to beat us from our country. America is more our country, than it is the whites-we have enriched it with our blood and tears. The greatest riches in all America have arisen from our blood and tears: -- and will they drive us from our property and homes, which we have earned with our blood? They must look sharp or this very thing will bring swift destruction upon them. The Americans have got so fat on our blood and groans, that they have almost forgotten the God of armies. But let the go on.

...


Do the colonizationists think to send us off without first being reconciled to us? Do they think to bundle us up like brutes and send us off, as they did our brethren of the State of Ohio? Have they not to be reconciled to us, or reconcile us to them, for the cruelties with which they have afflicted our fathers and us? Methinks colonizationists think they have a set of brutes to deal with, sure enough. Do they think to drive us from our country and homes, after having enriched it with our blood and tears, and keep back millions of our dear brethren, sunk in the most barbarous wretchedness, to dig up gold and silver for them and their children? Surely, the Americans must think that we are brutes, as some of them have represented us to be. They think that we do not feel for our brethren, whom they are murdering by the inches, but they are dreadfully deceived.

...


What nation under heaven, will be able to do any thing with us, unless God gives us up into its hand? But Americans. I declare to you, while you keep us and our children in bondage, and treat us like brutes, to make us support you and your families, we cannot be your friends. You do not look for it do you? Treat us then like men, and we will be your friends. And there is not a doubt in my mind, but that the whole of the past will be sunk into oblivion, and we yet, under God, will become a united and happy people. The whites may say it is impossible, but remember that nothing is impossible with God.

...


I count my life not dear unto me, but I am ready to be offered at any moment, For what is the use of living, when in fact I am dead. But remember, Americans, that as miserable, wretched, degraded and abject as you have made us in preceding, and in this generation, to support you and your families, that some of you, (whites) on the continent of America, will yet curse the day that you ever were born. You want slaves, and want us for your slaves ! ! ! My colour will yet, root some of you out of the very face of the earth ! ! ! ! ! ! You may doubt it if you please. I know that thousands will doubt-they think they have us so well secured in wretchedness, to them and their children, that it is impossible for such things to occur.

...


See your Declaration Americans! ! ! Do you understand your won language? Hear your languages, proclaimed to the world, July 4th, 1776 -- "We hold these truths to be self evident -- that ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL! ! that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness! !" Compare your own language above, extracted from your Declaration of Independence, with your cruelties and murders inflicted by your cruel and unmerciful fathers and yourselves on our fathers and on us -- men who have never given your fathers or you the least provocation! ! ! ! ! !

Teacher Cuts Off Girl's Braid In Front Of Class (Police Issue Teacher $175 Ticket For Disorderly Conduct)

MILWAUKEE -- A Milwaukee teacher is charged with disorderly conduct after punishing a first-grader by cutting her hair.

Lamya Cammon is angry, confused, and scared by the incident last week in which the apparently frustrated teacher cut one of her braids off after she wouldn't stop playing with them in class.Cammon, 7, sports a few dozen braids, but one is conspicuously absent."She told me to stop playing with it. Then cut it off and sent me back to my desk," Cammon said.Cammon's a first-grader at Congress Elementary and said her teacher used a pair of classroom scissors to cut off one of the braids after she absent-mindedly kept playing with them."Tell me how you play with your hair. Show me what that means," 12 News reporter Nick Bohr said to Cammon."I wasn't playing with it that loud," Cammon said.She said the teacher called her to the front of the room and cut it in front of the whole class."What did you do?" Bohr asked."I went to my desk and cried. And they was laughing," Cammon said. "She threw it away, and she said, 'Now what you gonna go home and say to your momma? ' And I said, 'That you cut off my hair,'" Cammon said.Cammon's mother is furious. She went to the school and confronted the teacher."I said, 'Well, you know, you cut a lot of her hair off.' And she was like, 'Well, I do apologize.' She said, 'But I was frustrated,'" Cammon's mother, Helen Cunningham, said.The Milwaukee Public Schools District said it is going through the disciplinary process with the teacher, who remains in class, although Cammon has been moved to a different classroom by the principal."The main thing is, from the heart of the principal, and me speaking for the district, we're very sorry that this happened," MPS spokeswoman Roseann St. Aubin said.Cammon's mother said she appreciates the apology but said the district should seriously question whether the teacher should keep her job."Why would we want someone like that teaching our kids? We trust our kids once they go to school to be safe," Cunningham said.Milwaukee police investigated the case and referred it to the district attorney for possible physical or mental abuse of a child charges.When the district attorney's office decided not to file criminal charges, police this week issued the teacher a $175 ticket for disorderly conduct.The Milwaukee Teachers Education Association can't talk about the incident, but said stress is not unusual.“As budget constraints get tighter every year, the stress level and frustrations do increase,” said the MTEA’s Sid Hatch.12 News called the teacher Friday night and went to her home for comment, but someone came to the door and said she did not want to talk.

Copyright 2009 by WISN.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Questionable?

The Commander in Chief of a nation fighting two wars wins an award for PEACE. Questionable? What's you opinion?

The ROCK teaching drum class (12/15/2009)

Brothers Heru, Abdur Rahman, and Ya'qub getting wisdom from the ROCK...

Sacred Village of Sankofa Youth Study Session (12/13/09)

Each of the youth in SVOS selected a symbol that best represents their aspirations or goals and will use that symbol in future assignments. The Group facilitator (Abdur Rahman) also discussed the importance of community and the role of both the youth and the entire family unit in its development. The Group Facilitator (Ya'qub Shabazz) taught on the life and times of brother Malcolm X as well as his political positions as it applies to the differences between Civil Rights and Human Rights. One of the youth from SVOS (Briana Allen aged 14)gave a brilliant demonstration and chronological history of the life and times of brother Malcolm (El Hajj Malik Shabazz) starting with his childhood and upbringing, to his years in the Nation of Islam, to his time as an international Human Rights activist. Once again the SVOS youth had a fruitfull session.

Uhuru!!!

Perspectives (Get to know J.A. Rogers)

Joel Augustus Rogers was born September 6, 1883 at Negril, Jamaica.  Very little is known about his early schooling.  The historian is said to have had a "good basic education" but lacked higher formal education.
J.A. Rogers immigrated to the United States in 1906 and became a naturalized citizen in 1917.  Despite his light complexion and mulatto background, Rogers bitterly discovered that Black people were all treated the same, no matter the complexion.  Rogers, however, rejected the dogma of white superiority, even as a child.  In a class and color conscious Jamaica, the young Rogers observed, "I had noticed that some of my schoolmates were unmixed blacks and were, some of them, more brilliant than some of the white ones."  Rogers grew up around Blacks who were physicians and lawyers--graduates of "the best English and Scottish Universities."  This realization that the doctrine of white superiority was contradicted by the talent and expertise of Black intellect inspired Rogers to begin his research into the Black experience.
J.A. Rogers published his first book, the 87 page "From Superman to Man" in 1917.  At the time he wrote the book, he was working as a Pullman porter out of Chicago.  Rogers had gone to Chicago to Study art.  Rogers was one of the first and few African historians to use art extensively in helping to validate the achievements of African people.
J.A. Rogers' search for truth led him to examine the African blood lines of Europeans and Americans.  His signal work, "Nature Knows No Color-Line" and the three-volume set, "Sex and Race" destroyed the myth of Aryan race purity.
Rogers' other historical focus was on producing biographical portraits of prominent African personages.  In 1931, he published "The World's Greatest Men of African Descent" and in 1947, published "The World's Great Men of Color 3000 B.C. to 1946 A.D."  Joel Augustus Rogers died on his birthday, September 6, 1966.
BIBLIOGRAPHY -- J.A. ROGERS
1.  From Superman to Man
2.  As Nature Leads: an informal discussion of the reason why Negro and Caucasian are mixing in spite of opposition.
3.  The Approaching Storm and How It May Be Averted.
4.  The Ku Klux Sprit: a brief outline of the history of the Ku Klux Klan past and present.
5.  World's Greatest Men of African Descent.
6.  One Hundred Amazing Facts about the Negro: with complete shortcut to the world history of of the Negro.
7.  World's Greatest Men and Women of African Descent.
8.  The Real Facts about Ethiopia.
9.  Your History from the Beginning of Time to the Present
10. Sex and Race: Negro-Caucasian Mixing in all Ages and all Lands (3 vols.).
11. World's Great Men of Color (2 vols.).
12. Nature Knows No Color Line: research in the Negro ancestry in the white race.
13. Africa's Gift to America: the Afro-American in the making and saving of the United States with new supplement: Afria and its potentialities.
14. Facts about the Negro.

15. Five Negro Presidents

Perspectives (Get to know Dick Gregory) to be continued....

Lets us discuss some of the issues put forward by Dick Gregory.

Perspectives (Get to know Carter G. Woodson)

When you control a man's thinking you do not have to worry about his actions. You do not have to tell him not to stand here or go yonder. He will find his "proper place" and will stay in it. You do not need to send him to the back door. He will go without being told. In fact, if there is no back door, he will cut one for his own benefit. …. Carter G. Woodson (1933). Mis-education of the Negro

To be free, or not to be free (by Ya'qub Shabazz)

To be free, or not to be free
Navigating the long road to freedom and redemption
By Ya’qub Shabazz

With one in three of our men incarcerated or on probation or parole, the prison industrial complex affects all of our families and communities in ways that no others are affected in America. We are faced with a state of emergency when our men are being shipped to far away prison in numbers that rival South Africa’s incarceration rates at the peak of the racist apartheid government. Where do we turn when our men come home socially, economically, and politically disenfranchised? Do we continue to support and promote a system that has effectively eliminated a third of our men’s voting rights and ability to participate in the political process? I move that we begin to dialogue about our political alternatives considering that we (Black men) have been effectively reintroduced to the relationship that our sharecropping forefathers had with the U.S. Government. We return from prison seeking employment, freedom, and opportunities but only find rejection, discrimination, and stereotypes. Black men who are convicted felons (which are not a minority mind you) face a type of stress that would drive the average American insane. The fear and self-esteem issues alone are enough to destroy a person’s ability to succeed in under this system not to mention the trauma associated with his inability to find (and maintain) stable employment or political status has on his relationships in the community whereupon he lives. Upon release the prisoner is set free from one prison and transitioned instantaneously into another by which he is intended to fail and return to the other.

The solution: well the solution is multi tiered and requires the returning prisoner to first begin a process by which his self-esteem is rebuilt and strengthened. This man returning from prison must educate himself in the science of self; meaning that he must build his self esteem and courage by studying examples of other Black men whom overcame tremendous odds to find freedom and success. Imagine a man whom studies and molds himself after the likes of men such as El Hajj Malik Shabazz, W.E.B. Dubois, Huey Newton, and David Walker and the phenomenal potential that this man will possess after such study. We must remember that the society in which we live There exist a void in the spirits of Black men that we can never fill with jobs, money, or Black presidents. This void is what exists after generations of men and women are destroyed and subjugated to the extent that they develop a hatred for their own Black selves. In order to find liberation, justice, and freedom outside of the prison walls we must explore and exploit all political resources including Nationalism, Socialism, and other means that alert the international attention of the conditions under which Black men live here in America. Ultimately “to be free or not to be free” should be the political statement for Black men in 2009. With Barak Obama winning the Presidency and the political scene “appearing” primed for change, it is to be seen whether or not the change that is awaited will affect those who struggle to survive at the bottom a nation that appears to ignore the severity of their situation.

Cancer Among Black Men

Cancer rates have increased slightly for Black men, who remain the group most likely to get and die from the disease, according to a study by the National Cancer Institute. The study found that Black men had a general cancer rate of 560 cases per 100,000 people and a cancer death rate of 319, the highest for any of the measured groups.

Prostate and lungs are the most common cancers and the most common causes of death among all of the male groups studied. Black male had the highest rate of prostate cancer at 180.6 per 100,000, while lung cancer was the most frequent cause of cancer death among Black men, at 105.6 per 100,000. Non-Hispanics males are second to Black men in getting cancer. Cancer struck this group at the rate of 481 cancer per 100,000 people. Hawaiian men were second to Black men in the death rate of the disease with a rate of 230 per 100,000.

Among women, White non-Hispanic had the highest rates of all cancers with 354 cases per 100,000. Alaskan women were second at 348 per 100,000. Alaskan native women also had the highest death rate at 179 per 100,000. Black and Hawaiian women were second, both with cancer mortality rates of 168 per 100,000.

Death from cancer can be prevented. Approximately 35% of cancers are caused by the things we eat, and the others are treatable if caught early during routine physical exams and routine screening. For example, since prostate cancer is a slow growing tumor, it may take many years before someone can find out or have symptoms of the disease. And it is easy and practical to know if there are any evidence of disease by doing a physical examination and a simple blood test called Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA). Black males by virtue of their failure to seek preventative medical care, can succumb to this form of cancer and many other types of preventable diseases very easily.

As a result of the aggressive anti-smoking campaign, fewer people are smoking now than ten years ago, but the incidence of smoking in the Black community remains exceptionally high. This contributes to the prevalence of lung cancer among Blacks.

Here are some tips for early cancer detection and prevention:

a) Visit your doctor regularly for routine examinations and screening.

b) Learn the techniques involved in breast self-examination. Obtain mammogram when indicated.

c) Males, have your doctor obtain indicated examinations and tests for Prostate Cancer. Watch for difficult, painful or bloody urination.

d) Have abnormal bowel activity ( fresh blood on the stool, excessively dark stool, frequent constipation, painful defecation, and unusual diarrhea) investigated by your doctor.

e) Report chronic vague pains that seem to have no identifiable cause(s).

f) Investigate abnormal vaginal bleeding. Obtain regular PAP smears as indicated by your doctor.

g) Investigate abnormal light headedness, numbness or weakness in the extremities.

h) Investigate abnormal lymphadenapathy ( lumps or bumps on the neck, groin, arm-pit and other areas of the body).  We can take control of our health by seeking preventative medical care and being aware of physical changes in our body.

-- Rawle F. Philbert, DDS

After 35 Years, 'Black Book' Still Strikes A Chord (by Michele Norris)

When I first saw the big, shiny 35th anniversary edition of The Black Book, I was snatched back to 1974. That's the year when the book arrived in our household. It was big and mysterious, covered with a dizzying collage of images: cowboys and slaves, showgirls and dandies. One of those brown faces jumps out. She's the girl with the bobbed hair and the haunting eyes. I thought then, as I do now, that when I stare at that same book, she's staring at me, daring me to go ahead and open the front cover.
An Unvarnished Look At Black History
It's sort of the approach my parents took with the book. At a time when paperbacks cost about 2 bucks, they shelled out $9.95 for The Black Book, because they'd read a review in The New York Times, and they were intrigued with the idea of a book that would offer an unvarnished look at the history of black Americans. My parents were strivers, the first black family to buy a house in an all-white neighborhood on the south side of Minneapolis. Mom was a native Minnesotan. Dad hailed from Birmingham, Ala., and though both had to overcome steep racial obstacles, they never talked much about it at home. They kept their pain and frustration to themselves, and they told their kids that they should do the same and just keep moving forward toward some distant prize.
'You Need To Read This'
One day, my mother came home with The Black Book, and she just left it out on the dining room table — not the coffee table, not the shelf with her book-of-the-month selections. It was about the size of a math workbook, and she casually plopped it down on the dining room table because that's the spot where I did my homework. She knew that I would pick up that book and devour its contents just as surely as if she'd set down a plate of hot cookies.
When I cracked open the cover, I found a little note from my mother. It was written on one of my sheets of three-ringed ruled paper. It said, "You need to read this."

Dear Mrs. Morrison,
Someone sent me a copy of The Black Book and if at all possible I would like to have two more. I need one copy to give to a friend, another to throw against the wall over and over and over. The one I already own I want to hold in my hand against my heart.
— A letter from a prison inmate to Toni Morrison, the book's editor, upon the book's initial release in 1974.

She was right. She's always right.
Understanding Slavery
For the first time, I understood what slavery really meant when I read an ad for the public sale of Negroes and saw that a woman with four children could be sold with only two her young ones "if it best suits the purchaser." I read about white slave-catchers and black men who earned their freedom, and then turned around and purchased slaves themselves. I saw pictures of black men in shackles and hanging from trees, and I experienced a cauldron of unfamiliar emotions when I discovered the picture on page 58. It was a photo of a black man burned to a crisp, stretched out over a stack of smoldering planks. His arms are tied behind his back. His neck is arched backward, and he's surrounded by a circle of white men with suits and ties and smiling faces.
A Rich, Complicated Story
At first, I just scanned the picture and the ads, and found relief in the latter half of the book when bondage gave way to more bountiful shots of church folk and jazz hepcats, and beautiful women with shining Marcel waves.
I pored over the book day after day, and eventually went back to actually read the text. The letters from servicemen and the inventors' patents; the poems and the dream books; the legislation that determined whether blacks could vote or own land or serve as witnesses in cases before a court; the announcement in 1919 that a black physician, after a bitter struggle, was placed on the staff at Harlem Hospital and allowed to serve a predominantly black clientele.
Even a kid could see the irony in that.
With every page, I learned that the story of blacks in America was rich and complicated and painful and triumphant, and ultimately, a lot more complex than the version I was offered in my middle-school classroom.
I was 13 when my parents purchased the book. It was before Roots lit up our television screen and before slavery was a topic that could be discussed in my Minnesota classroom without great discomfort for teachers and their students — a condition that was usually remedied by cruising through the lesson with great haste.
A Bold Statement
Thinking back, we did not talk about The Black Book much at home. My parents kept quiet and let the book speak for itself. But through their actions, they made a bold statement. They shelled out another $9.95 to buy a second copy of the book for my school and insisted that it be placed in the library where students passed it back and forth and pored over the pages. The book was handled so much and so often that the large paperback started to fall apart. At that point, Belvin and Betty Norris — though never quick to part with their cash — decided to purchase a replacement copy.
The original copy of The Black Book now sits on a bookshelf in my home. Its spine is fragile, and its pages are dog-eared, and a few are marred by greasy fingerprints — evidence of a rueful episode when I ignored my mother's warning to put the Fritos down. Shame on me.
I now try to imagine what I would say or do to my own two young children if they did the same with the original Black Book or the new 35th anniversary edition that I also plan to add to my bookshelf. This time, it's a hardcover edition that's a bit glossier and a good bit sturdier. All the better to withstand being passed around and prodded over by my own kids a few years from now when they approach their 13th birthdays, because I, too, plan to pass the book to both of them.

And just inside that front cover, they'll find a note — written by me — but in my mind whispered by all the people whose stories are told inside the pages. It will say, "Trust me — you need to read this."

Justice Dept. won't support Jack Johnson pardon

By FREDERIC J. FROMMER, Associated Press Writer 

WASHINGTON – The Justice Department is refusing to back a posthumous pardon for Jack Johnson, the black heavyweight boxing champion who was imprisoned nearly a century ago because of his romantic ties with a white woman.
In a letter obtained Thursday by The Associated Press, the department's pardon attorney, Ronald L. Rodgers, told Rep. Peter King that the Justice Department's general policy is not to process posthumous pardon requests. In cases like Johnson's, given the time that has passed and the historical record that would need to be scoured, the department's resources for pardon requests are best used on behalf of people "who can truly benefit" from them, Rodgers wrote.
The letter was in response to one that King, R-N.Y., and Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., had sent to President Barack Obama in October urging a pardon. In that letter, the two lawmakers noted that both houses of Congress has passed a resolution calling for a presidential pardon and said they hoped the president would be eager to "right this wrong and erase an act of racism that sent an American citizen to prison."
Rodgers wrote that notwithstanding the department policy, Obama still has the authority to pardon whomever he wishes, "guided when he sees fit by the advice of the pardon attorney."
And he did cite two cases of posthumous pardons: President Bill Clinton's 1999 pardon of Lt. Henry O. Flipper, the Army's first black commissioned officer, who was drummed out of the military in 1882 after white officers accused him of embezzling $3,800 in commissary funds; and President George W. Bush's 2008 pardon of Charles Winters, who was convicted of violating the Neutrality Act when he conspired in 1948 to export aircraft to a foreign country in aid of Israel.
In Winters' case, Rodgers said, the pardon request was not processed by Justice's Office of the Pardon Attorney, due to the department's posthumous pardon policy.
King said in a telephone interview that he and McCain probably will continue to urge Obama to issue the pardon.
"What they're doing here is bucking it back to President Obama," King said. "So I would respectfully urge him to grant the pardon. This is the president's call."
The White House had no immediate comment on whether Obama would consider the request.
When he unveiled the resolution in April, McCain said he was sure that Obama "will be more than eager" to issue the pardon.
A hundred years before Obama was elected the nation's first black president, Johnson, a native of Galveston, Texas, became the first black heavyweight champion, on Dec. 26, 1908, after police in Australia stopped his 14-round match against the severely battered Canadian world champion, Tommy Burns.
That victory led to a search for a "Great White Hope" who could beat Johnson. Two years later, Jim Jeffries, the American world titleholder Johnson had tried for years to fight, came out of retirement but lost in a match called "The Battle of the Century," resulting in deadly riots.
In 1913, Johnson was convicted of violating the Mann Act, which made it illegal to transport women across state lines for immoral purposes. After his conviction, he fled the country, but agreed years later to return and serve a 10-month jail sentence.
In 2004, the Committee to Pardon Jack Johnson, which filmmaker Ken Burns helped form, filed a petition with the Justice Department that was never acted on. His 2005 documentary, "Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson," explored the case against the boxer and the sentencing judge's acknowledged desire to "send a message" to black men about relationships with white women.

Black Male and Female Relationship (Dr. Naim Akbar)

His name is Dr. Na'im Akbar and his ideas have penetrated most aspects of progressive thought affecting the minds of African people throughout the world. Dr. Akbar's insight and analysis of the social concerns affecting African-Americans in particular and humanity as a whole is soul stirring, superbly rational and highly informative. He is what they call a "Black Psychologist," an "Afrocentric Scholar," sharing his thoughts on national issues with the entire population through books, articles, lectures, seminars and radio talk shows. This scholar, psychologist, author, and lecturer was acclaimed by Essence Magazine as "one of the world's preeminent psychologists and a pioneer in the development of an African-centered approach in modern psychology."

Black Male and Female Relationships Part One

Black Male and Female Relationships Part Two

Black Male and Female Relationships Part Three

Black Male and Female Relationships Part Four

Ten worst places to be (if you are Afrikan)

Wisconsin leads the nation in the percentage of its black inhabitants under lock and key.  Just over four percent of black Wisconsin, including the very old and the very young of both sexes, are behind bars.  Most of the state’s African Americans reside in the Milwaukee area, and most of its black prisoners are drawn from just a handful of poor and economically deprived black communities where jobs, intact families and educational opportunities are the most scarce, and paroled back into those same neighborhoods.  So Wisconsin, and in particular the Milwaukee area justly merit the invidious distinction of the Worst Place in the Nation to be Black. 

Iowa, with only a small black population, is not far behind.  The crime control industries in Wisconsin and Iowa seem to have learned to make the most efficient use of the preferred human material available to them, locking up the few black inhabitants of those states at a rate 11.6 times higher than whites.

Texas, the nation’s second largest state, is the third worst place to be black in America, and is in a class by itself, first because its extraordinary rate of black incarceration affects such a large population.  Only New York has more African Americans than Texas, and only the two relatively small states previously mentioned lock up a higher percentage of their black citizens.  Though California has 50 percent more people, Texas has a slightly larger prison population and only a 5 to 1 ratio between its black and white rates of imprisonment.  We may safely assume that since very few of its wealthy Texans are behind bars, Texas is just a very bad place to be poor, whether you’re black or not.

A total of 900,000 African Americans live in Oklahoma, Arizona, Delaware, Nevada, Oregon and Colorado, and another 2 million-plus in California, where the proportion of prisoners among total African Americans hovers just under 3 percent.

How Much Better is Better? How Much Worse is Worst?

The answer in both cases is, unfortunately: not much.  Only one hundredth of a percentage point separates Iowa’s 3.30% rate of black incarceration from that of Texas, with 3.29%.  Twenty-seven more states manage to lock up between 2 and 3% of their African American inhabitants, and only Maine, Hawaii and North Dakota fail to incarcerate more than 1.55% of blacks.  For whites, the national average ratio of prisoners to the general population is less than 4 tenths of one percent.

The damning truth laid bare once again by this fact, is that America’s policy of racially selective policing, prosecuting and imprisonment of its black one-eighth is a truly consistent and national one, even though it is implemented with arbitrary severity by countless state and local authorities.

BC’s Dishonorable Mention is reserved for those states not already enumerated which have the highest disparity between black and white incarceration rates.  Wisconsin and Iowa belong here too, with disparity rates between 11 and 12 to one, but they have already been mentioned.  This dismal category is especially significant because black populations in three of the states with extraordinary disparity rates fall largely within the New York City Metropolitan Statistical area, the largest concentration of black people in North America.  Suffice it to say that for practical purposes, New York City and its environs are not that much better a place to be black than Texas.

STATE...........BLACK-WHITE DISPARITY

New Jersey............13.15 to one

Connecticut...........12.77 to one

Minnesota.............12.63 to one

Pennsylvania..........10.53 to one

New York.............. 9.47 to one

The second largest concentration of African Americans in New Jersey lies within the Philadelphia Metropolitan Statistical Area.  Note Pennsylvania’s fourth place ranking on the Dishonorable list.

The “enlightened” state of Minnesota has two more peculiar distinctions.  First, it commits one of the nation’s largest percentages of offenders to community corrections, the generic name for “non-prison” sentencing alternatives.  With one of the nation’s highest rates of disparity between its black and white inhabitants, it appears that Minnesota’s white offenders are disproportionately funneled into alternative sentencing situations, but we have no data to support such a conclusion.  Secondly, according to the Justice Department’s Bureau of Justice Statistics, which together with the US Census Department is the source for all numerical data in this article, Minnesota had the fastest growing prison population in the country as of mid-year 2004, the latest date for which stats are publicly available.

(Excerpt from the Black Commentator)

Cornel West: The "Brother West" Interview

One of America's most provocative public intellectuals, Dr. Cornel Ronald West has been a champion for racial justice since childhood. His writing, speaking, and teaching weave together the traditions of the black Baptist Church, progressive politics, and jazz.

Though currently the Class of 1943 Professor at Princeton University, Dr. West first burst onto the national scene in 1993 upon the publication of his best seller, Race Matters, a searing analysis of racism in American democracy. In his long-awaited autobiography, BROTHER WEST: Living and Loving Out Loud, he now offers a compelling exploration of his heart behind the human mind.

Here, he answers questions from readers and talks about the book which explores such themes as Faith, Family, Philosophy, Love and Service.

Kam Williams: Hi, Dr. West, nice speaking with you again. I loved your autobiography. But do you know how hard it was for me to track you down for another interview?

Cornell West: I appreciate your deep loyalty and commitment.

KW: Why did you decide to write your memoirs?

CW: Tavis Smiley, my dear brother, raised the question of my writing one when the prostate cancer hit 8 years ago. I thought and thought about it and decided maybe I could tell my story to help somebody, so they could see how the power of love and education in my life had transformed me from a gangster with raw rage.

KW: Where did that thug you refer to in the book as “Little Ronnie” come from, and how did you get past that phase?

CW: I was just mad, a born rebel. I had loving parents, a loving church and loving friends, yet I was mad, and I needed constructive venues to express that rage. I was able to find them owing to the power of love and education. So, it became a righteous indignation against injustice. It became a holy anger against unfairness. And I’ve had it ever since.

KW: Reverend Florine Thompson asks, where should we look to reclaim the prophetic voice regarding the war in Afghanistan? Should the Obama administration send thousands of more troops there?

CW: No, no! Obama can’t get the Nobel Peace Prize and be a war President. He’s got to be able to promote peace in an international, multilateral way. We don’t need an American occupation; we don’t need more American troops there. If he does send more, then we’ve got to take to the streets.

KW: Reverend Thompson also asks, with the rise in black-on-black teen crime, what should the religious community be doing differently to address this issue? Is "The Church" merely irrelevant in the lives of our youth? Many have said that our youth have little or no regard for God, church or religion since prayer was taken out of public schools.

CW: No, I don’t think taking prayer out of schools was the cause of young people being suspicious of religion. That goes back a long way. It has more to do with the fact that older folk did not exemplify the kind of love and justice that the young people would like to see. Therefore, they saw old people as hypocrites more tied to Church-ianity than Christianity. So, a lot of it has to do with the failings of the older generation which led to the younger generation’s going off to look for alternatives. Unfortunately, a lot of times they turned to ugly things like guns and drugs, given the easy access to guns because of lax gun control laws, and to drugs because the government can’t keep them out of the country. In addition, the youth don’t have too many alternatives to the decrepit housing and disgraceful school systems which provide very little opportunities for those in the urban ‘hoods. So, I think the whole issue of young people and churches has much more to do with social forces than it does with just not having prayer in schools.

KW: How do we save our young men, then? Where are the black male role models?

CW: There’s only one way to save young black people, and that’s to love ‘em, love ‘em, love ‘em, care for ‘em, attend to them, embrace them, target them, concentrate on them, and make them feel as if they’re somebody, because that’s the only way they get self-respect and self-confidence, which are the two prerequisites for flowering and flourishing in life.

KW: The good Reverend has a question about healthcare: What should the church be doing to foster healthcare reform?

CW: Hmm… A lot of churches need to bear witness for the least of our brethren… for the weak, for the poor, for the orphaned, for the widowed, for the children. And the only way you get set on fire is you gotta be Born Again. You have to undergo fundamental awakening and conversion and metamorphosis.

KW: Reverend Thompson asks about the outcry of "You lie!" to President Obama by a Republican Congressman Joe Wilson. Was it a slip of the lip or confirmation that race matters?

CW: Well, it certainly was an act of disrespect. The very act of disrespecting the President of the United States in that manner on national television is a very serious matter.

KW: How would you say President Obama is doing on a scale of 1 to 10?

CW: It depends on which issue you’re talking about. On ecology and the environment, I would give him a 7. On war, I’d give him a 3. On the economy, a 2. In terms of his trying to sustain a new atmosphere and new ethos in the country and around the world, I’d give him an 8. So, it goes up and down, relative to each issue.

KW: Children’s book author Irene Smalls says, you recently launched a spoken word or rap career. How does that jibe with your academic pursuits?

CW: Oh, it’s quite consistent, because I’m an educator. When I write books, that’s textual education. When I do spoken word, that’s singing education. When I dance, it’s dancing education. All of it has to do with trying to awaken people to become more courageous to bear witness to love and justice in the world.

KW: Our mutual friend, Ila Forster, who was at Princeton when you were there as a grad student, asks if you like how jazz pianist Robert Glasper recast one of your musical pieces in an inaugural tribute. It included parts of speeches not only by you but also by Obama and Dr. King.

CW: This is the first that I’m hearing about it. Tell Sister Ila thanks so much for letting me know about it.

KW: Although Ila didn’t make it back to campus, she says she heard that your speech at the recent black alumni reunion conference at Princeton was excellent and unusually personal.

CW: Oh, we had a wonderful time.

KW: Jimmy Bajan says he agrees with you that we haven’t turned a corner just because we have a black president. He asks, what will it take to see a level playing field? With so many blacks and whites still living in poverty in this country and so many children without healthcare, how far are we from seeing an equitable society realized where there's coverage for everyone comparable to Europe?

CW: I agree with Brother Jimmy. We certainly haven’t turned a corner. Not at all. And we’re a long way from there being a level playing field, just like we’re a long way from poor people enjoying the same opportunities as the well-to-do. It depends on the quality of our struggle, the quality of our commitment and the quality of our conviction.

KW: Lester Chisholm asks, what can people do to avoid spiritual, emotional, mental, and physical compliancy?

CW: They’ve got to hang around folks who are on fire with a love for justice.

KW: Lester also asks, what movie do you recommend for people to begin empower themselves?

CW: Tell him to watch The Matrix.

KW: How about that film you appeared in this year called Examined Life? That was a very powerful documentary.

CW: I appreciate that. I had a great time working with Astra Taylor on that. She’s a wonderful sister.

KW: Why do you refer to everyone by either brother or sister, even if they’re not black?

CW: All human beings are vanishing creatures and disappearing organisms trying to find a little meaning and love before they die. In that sense, we’re all trying to work it out. And when I say “brother” or “sister” to every person without regard to color, or culture or civilization, I’m just paying tribute to their struggling.

KW: well, Sister Laz Lyles says, I just want to know how he keeps his afro so tight.

CW: [LOL] well, I haven’t had a haircut since 1984. So, it tends to just fall in place every morning. I don’t know how long it’ll last. I might be baldheaded in a coupe of years if the crisis hits me. You never know.

KW: On a more serious note, Laz wants to know if you consider W.E.B. Du Bois’s idea of double consciousness still relevant with the Obama presidency.

CW: Oh, absolutely. It’s deeply relevant, because there’s still a veil between the black and white world when it comes to cultural, religious and other divides.

KW: Laz’s also asks, after healthcare, what is the next area of major reform you’d like to see Obama address?

CW: We need reform in the military, both in terms of military policy, and in terms of its internal dynamics.

KW: Tale grad Tommy Russell asks, do you think Barack Obama is being treated less fairly or with less dignity than previous presidents?

CW: Yes, by Brother Rush [Limbaugh], Brother Sean [Hannity] and Brother Bill O’Reilly. I think they hardly respect him at all. In fact, I think they are very demeaning and disrespectful. On the other hand, the liberal press has been so deferential, that they haven’t engaged in the criticisms that they should. So, it cuts both ways. Barack Obama needs to be protected, and he needs to be respected, but he also needs to be corrected. Criticisms are important when they’re based on principle, man, because in the end, it’s not about Obama, it’s about poor people and working people.

KW: Do you think inheriting the nation in the state it was left behind by Bush is dragging on Obama’s efficiency?

CW: Absolutely! He came in under catastrophic conditions. George Bush had handed him a multi-layered mess. He’s been trying to get out from under that mess. However, the War in Afghanistan will be Obama’s war. And the increasing unemployment will be Obama’s unemployment, owing to his economic team that puts very little emphasis on the plight of working people and poor people. So, yes, Bush handed him a mess, but after a year he’s going to have to begin to take some real responsibility for what he’s headed towards.

KW: Sue Doran asks, if you’ve read anything by Chris Hedges?

CW: Yes, the author of American Fascism. He’s a very important, prophetic voice in the culture.

KW: Postal clerk Ron Clark says, you’re one of his regular customers at the Princeton Post Office, and that you always take one of the Tootsie Pops he gives out.

CW: Brother Ron! He has such a wonderful spirit about him. Just to see him uplifts you, and helps make your day a better day.

KW: Ron asks, where did you develop your oratory skills?

CW: Probably in the church and on the block.

KW: Ron follows up with, have you had any interaction with Angela Davis?

CW: Oh Lord, yes! I was just with Angela not long ago. She introduced me at a lecture at the University of California at Santa Cruz where she’s a distinguished professor. She’s my dear sister.

KW: Tony Noel, a Muslim brother, says that he and you share a common challenge in life besides being of African descent. “We are both survivors of prostate cancer.” He asks, how do you feel that we can best spread the word to our brothers in the human race about this disease?

CW: Well, first let me say a prayer for my dear brother… Secondly, we need to lift our voices. That’s why when I travel to conferences I encourage black brothers to get a PSA exam to catch it early, so they can live longer.

KW: The music maven Heather Covington question: What music are you listening to nowadays?

CW: I start off in the morning with gospel, with James Cleveland, and often end with George Clinton’s “One Nation under a Groove.”

KW: Thanks again, Dr. West, and best of luck with the book and all your endeavors.

CW: I appreciate you’re taking this time, and I deeply apologize about how hard it was for you to find me, but I’ve been on the run lately. You just stay strong, my brother.

KW: No problem, Brother West.

(From Black News.com)